James Bill has written a most valuable and trenchant critique of U.S. foreign policy toward Iran in the Pahlavi and post-Pahlavi periods. The author has based his study on a great array of sources, including declassified U.S. government documents (plus those ”declassified” by the student hostage takers at the U.S. embassy after their assault in November 1979); personal letters and memoranda; interviews with key … Continue reading
JAMES K. BOYCE, DEVELOPMENT, PEACEKEEPING AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM, PERI Institute LEONCE NDIKUMANA, PROF. ECONOMICS, UMASS AMHERST A new book titled Africa’s Odious Debts: How Foreign Loans and Capital Flight Bled a Continent begins its conclusion with the following. During the past four decades, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a financial hemorrhage. We estimate that from the … Continue reading
On March 12, 1949, three crew members from the U.S. Navy ships visiting La Habana urinated on the monument of José Martí, Cuba’s most venerated patriot: In 2011, U.S. Marines in Afghanistan were filmed urinating on the corpses of Taliban fighters: Bad apples come from bad barrels. Bad barrels are made by bad barrel makers. … Continue reading
The Real News Network : Jared Ball: Martin Luther King Jr. stood for revolutionary transformation; he is used today to support policies that he fought against PAUL JAY, SENIOR EDITOR, TRNN: Welcome to The Real News Network. I’m Paul Jay in Washington. January 17 this year is Martin Luther King Day. Couple of quotes from … Continue reading
Articles of Confederation: Document produced by the Continental Congress in 1777 as the charter setting out the relationship of the 13 colonies as parts of a new nation. Ayacucho: Last major battle in the wars for independence in Spanish America, where José Antonio Sucre defeated the royalist forces in southern Peru. Boston Massacre: Killing of … Continue reading
1700…………………………………………Bourbons replace Hapsburgs as royal family in Spain. 1763…………………………………………French and Indian (Seven Years’) War ends; westward migration in 13 colonies banned. 1764…………………………………………English Parliament passes Sugar Act. 1765…………………………………………English Parliament passes Stamp Act. 1766…………………………………………Stamp Act repealed. 1767…………………………………………English Parliament passes Townshend Acts. 1768…………………………………………British troops sent to Boston. March 5, 1770……………………………Boston Massacre. December 16, 1773…………………….Boston Tea Party. 1774…………………………………………First Continental … Continue reading
In this final outline, we come back to a larger vision of the Americas in the aftermath of the wars for independence. The outline begins with the key concepts of revolution and wars for independence and reemphasizes the complex nature of the different wars for independence, as well as their common patterns. Within a half … Continue reading
In this outline, we return to the “big picture” of the age of revolutions. We look at the general processes across all of the Americas and compare all the revolutions. In particular, the outline focuses on how the differing colonial traditions (political, economic, and cultural) shaped the revolutionary paths and the outcomes of the wars … Continue reading
Paraguay is perhaps the most unusual country in Latin America in the 19th century. Isolated deep in the interior of South America, it was largely populated through the creation of Jesuit missions in the 17th and 18th centuries. Ostensibly under the control of the viceroyalty of La Plata at the beginning of the 19th century, … Continue reading
The British West Indies and Canada provide us with two more counterpoints to the successful wars of revolution. The 13 colonies were unusual in their revolt against British colonial rule. Canada and the British possessions in the West Indies did not seek independence. Both regions would experience a gradual transition to independence. They present fascinating … Continue reading
